Notes
1. Desguines Histoire Generale des Huns… (1756-8)
        See also appendix 6 of Bury's edition of Gibbon's Decline and Fall.
2. The word means "common slaves".
3. E. Huntington The Pulse of Asia (1907).
4 T Peisker in The Cambridge .Medieval History
5     Gibbon The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
6         Amianus Marcellinus
7         Ibid
8         JordanesThe Gothic History (c.550) Trans. Mierow (1915)
9         Priscus' Narrative of the Embassy sent in to Attila, by Theodosius the Younger, Emperor of the East", quoted from:
            Guizot The History of Civilisation (1856)
            See also Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire (1923).
10 Thompson History of Attila and the Huns (1948)
11 Ibid
12 Hodgkin Italy and her Invaders (1880)
13 Minns The art of the Northern Nomads (1942)
14 Marco Polo The Book of Ser Marco Polo Trans. Yule (1903)
  1. "The principal food consists of milk-products, not of the fresh milk itself, which is only taken by children and the sick. A special Turko-Tartar food is yogurt, prepared with leaven from curdled milk. The Mongols also ate butter
    2. the more rancid the more palatable dripping with dirt, and carried without wrapping in their heavy greasy coat-pockets. From mare's milk, which yields no cream, kumiz (Kirghiz), tshegam (Mongolish) is fermented, an extremely nutritious drink which is good for consumption, and from which by itself life can be sustained" (The Cambridge Medieral History
  2. T. E. Lawrence Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1935)
  3. Amianus Marcellinus
  4. In Thompson, Op. Cit.
  5. Gregory of ToursHistory of the Franks
  6. Jordanes, Op. Cit.
  7. Ibid.
    8.
  8. Gregory of Tours, Op. Cit
  9. ThierryHistoire d'Attila
  10. Jordanes, Op. Cit.
I have adopted the locality given by Hodgkin. Bury places the battlefield near Troyes, 20 miles south of Mery-,sur-Seine, and The Cambridge Modern History, says a few miles "in front" (i.e. west) of that city. That the battle was fought in the vicinity of Troyes is quite possible, because from Sens the topographical line of retreat would be up the Vanne valley and then presumably north on Arcis-sur-Aube. But that the battle was fought west of Troyes is unlikely, for Attila would scarcely have halted with his back to the Seine. Really all that can be said is that the battle was fought in the triangle Troyes-Mery-Arcis, because the Mauriac Plain, according to Jordanes, was "in length one hundred lewa, as the Gauls express it, and seventy in width". As the lewa measured a distance of 1,500 paces, the Mauriac Plain is a district and not a locality, and because Jordanes also calls it the Catalaunian Plain, this has led to the battle being known as "The Battle of Chalons".
25 This date is a conjecture. (See Bury) As Troyes or Mery-sur-Seine is a little over 100 miles from Orleans, if Attila's retreat was a rapid one, it is possible that the battle was fought on this day. Hodgkin "early in July", and Clinton (Fasti Romani) on September 27th.
  1. Jordanes, Op. Cit
  2. In 1842 near the village of Pouan on the south bank of the Aube and about 10 miles from Mery, the grave of a Gothic warrior was discovered and from the ornaments found on it, M. Delacourt considered it to be that of Theoderic.
  3. Ibid
  4. Ibid
  5. Ibid
  6. The whole story of Attila's escape is so strange that it may be that Aetius never lost his way on the night of June 20-21st but instead paid a secret visit to Attita and arranged the whole incident with him. Otherwise, why did not Attila attack him after Thorismund left: or why did not Aetius, follow up Attila's retirement and cut off his foragers ?
  7. Burry, Opp. Cit.
  8. Thompson, Opp. Cit
  9. Eudico was probably King of the Sciri
  10. Thompson, Opp. Cit
  11. MilmanHistory of Latin Christianity (1857)
 
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